What is the AIP Model?
The AIP model in EMDR stands for the Adaptive Information Processing model. It is the foundational theoretical framework behind Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, developed by Francine Shapiro.
What is the AIP Model?
The AIP model proposes that the brain has a natural ability to process and integrate experiences in a healthy, adaptive way—unless that process is disrupted by trauma or highly stressful events. It can be compared to our digestive system. Typically, our body knows what to do with substances that enter our mouths. However, if a child swallows a rock, the child cannot digest it naturally since it disrupts the natural process of digestion. The child will likely require a visit to the emergency room to help move it through the body. In the same manner, experiences that could not be digested by our memory network naturally can be processed with intention utilizing EMDR.
Core Assumptions of the AIP Model
The mind is naturally geared toward healing.
Like how the body naturally heals wounds, the mind is oriented toward psychological healing and balance.
Traumatic or distressing experiences can become "stuck" or maladaptively stored.
These memories are stored in isolation, often retaining the original disturbing emotions, beliefs, physical sensations, and images.
Because they're not properly processed, they can be re-triggered by similar experiences later in life.
Symptoms (like anxiety, flashbacks, or negative self-beliefs) are signs of unprocessed traumatic memories.
The symptoms aren't the "problem" themselves, but a reflection of unresolved material.
Reprocessing can lead to adaptive resolution.
Through EMDR, the brain can reprocess the stuck memory, integrating it into the broader memory network in an adaptive, non-disturbing way.
This process often results in the person feeling relief, clarity, and a more realistic, positive self-view.
Example
Before EMDR (unprocessed memory):
Memory: Walking home from school in 3rd grade while being called names and having weeds thrown at you.
Belief: "I'm worthless."
Emotion: Shame, anxiety.
Physical sensation: Tight chest, racing heart.
After EMDR (processed memory):
Memory: Becomes more distant, possible black & white, a recognition that it is over and that you are secure.
Belief: "I have worth regardless”.
Emotion: Confidence, calmness
Physical sensation: Neutral with no tightness, tingling, nausea, or other adverse reactions.
Why Is the AIP Model Important?
The AIP model:
Explains why EMDR works and how psychological symptoms are tied to memory.
Avoids a band-aid approach to therapy, and an ability to target the root cause, not just the symptoms.
Guides the 8-phase EMDR protocol, including identifying target memories and measuring belief shifts.
